The sottoborgo and the capilla-escuela: the services of the planned dispersed settlement of the 20th century in Italy, Portugal and Spain

The agricultural colonization policies of southern European countries in the XXth century have produced a relatively intense territorial transformation in certain areas. This process created the need to install farmers in territories without settlement structures. Some urban and architectural typologies have been studied and developed, creating borghi di servizi in Italy, colônias agrícolas in Portugal and pueblos de colonización in Spain. Faced with the essentially dispersed settlement of the Italian and Portuguese model, in Spain it was overwhelmingly opted for concentrated settlement, although for those areas far from the pueblos de colonización it was thought to have, in some exceptional cases, a summary services village similar to the Italian sottoborgo that was called capilla-escuela. For this type of construction, standard projects were used, with small variations in the layout of the buildings, repeated in the territory according to the plan of parcelization.