The paper reports the development of the first antituberculosis institutions, through the description of the antituberculosis buildings for children, built in Palermo, in the first thirty years of the 1900s, following their transformation from temporary structures to permanent buildings. Being designed according to the needs of medical science, the aim of this study is to understand how technology has influenced the definition of these new types. Referring to the manuals and magazines of the time, the historical context of the new anti-tubercular healthcare architecture and the hygienic-sanitary principles, in particular of heliotherapy, on which it was based, were firstly set. The analysis of some works realized in the period between the two world wars has allowed the recognition of these principles, strickly connected to the development of new types and the recovery of the gradual transition from the XIXth century construction culture, based on load-bearing masonry to the contemporary one, adopting reinforced concrete technology. In particular, both for the local and national panorama, an unusual typology was found: the lean-to pavilions, dormitory-verandas, of the “Casa del Sole Ignazio e Manfredi di Trabia”, in Palermo. This typology required new relationships between solids and voids, made possible thanks to the reinforced concrete technology. Once the sanatorium functions were ended, these buildings were transformed to adapt to the new functions, mainly hospitals, by closing the covered spaces with walls and fixtures that distorted their original aspect. With a view to new interventions to re-functionalize these buildings, after years of abandonment, their knowledge becomes fundamental in order to be able to foresee a compatible recovery that responds to the new needs of society, respecting typological, morphological, material, structural and technical integrity.
GLI EDIFICI ANTITUBERCOLARI PER L’INFANZIA A PALERMO: TIPOLOGIA E TECNOLOGIA
Tiziana Basiricò
2023-01-01
Abstract
The paper reports the development of the first antituberculosis institutions, through the description of the antituberculosis buildings for children, built in Palermo, in the first thirty years of the 1900s, following their transformation from temporary structures to permanent buildings. Being designed according to the needs of medical science, the aim of this study is to understand how technology has influenced the definition of these new types. Referring to the manuals and magazines of the time, the historical context of the new anti-tubercular healthcare architecture and the hygienic-sanitary principles, in particular of heliotherapy, on which it was based, were firstly set. The analysis of some works realized in the period between the two world wars has allowed the recognition of these principles, strickly connected to the development of new types and the recovery of the gradual transition from the XIXth century construction culture, based on load-bearing masonry to the contemporary one, adopting reinforced concrete technology. In particular, both for the local and national panorama, an unusual typology was found: the lean-to pavilions, dormitory-verandas, of the “Casa del Sole Ignazio e Manfredi di Trabia”, in Palermo. This typology required new relationships between solids and voids, made possible thanks to the reinforced concrete technology. Once the sanatorium functions were ended, these buildings were transformed to adapt to the new functions, mainly hospitals, by closing the covered spaces with walls and fixtures that distorted their original aspect. With a view to new interventions to re-functionalize these buildings, after years of abandonment, their knowledge becomes fundamental in order to be able to foresee a compatible recovery that responds to the new needs of society, respecting typological, morphological, material, structural and technical integrity.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
