AI-Enhanced Intelligent Interfaces for Secure Biometric Authentication in IoT Ecosystems: Recent Advances and Future Directions

The ubiquitous integration of devices from the Internet of Things (IoT) into daily life demands authentication mechanisms that are secure, continuous, and unobtrusive. Traditional static credentials are increasingly inadequate for dynamic IoT environments. This work explores the paradigm shift towards AI-enhanced intelligent interfaces that leverage biometric authentication as an intrinsic component of user interaction. We analyse the convergence of three critical dimensions: (1) AI-driven intelligent interaction modalities, ranging from contactless RF sensing to wearable neuromuscular interpretation; (2) Advanced biometric authentication paradigms, focusing on behavioural traits and multimodal fusion strategies; and (3) Security and privacy constraints specific to IoT ecosystems, including edge intelligence and cancellable biometrics. By synthesising a selection of recent literature, this paper highlights how Artificial Intelligence is transforming interfaces from passive input points into active, security-aware agents capable of robust user identification in resource-constrained environments.