Post-war Sicily was at the centre of a process of social and economic transformation capable of attributing meaning and legitimacy to autonomous status and the regional political class, but also full of contradictions. Backwardness and development continued to co-exist, often seamlessly, feeding different narratives about Sicily. On the one hand, the narrative of those who govern the region, who celebrated the success of autonomous status, its material accomplishments and improvements in the living conditions of the population. On the other, the narrative of the misery and backwardness which, for the communist and socialist opposition, were witness to the betrayal of autonomous status. These different representations of Sicily appeared in the literature, in journalism and also in a documentary output that had focused the spotlight on the issue of southern Italy and the Sicilian question in particular ever since the end of the Second World War. Actually, until the beginning of the 1950s, the story prevailed of a Sicily that did not change, was folkloristic, anchored in traditions and ancient economic activities. The island became almost a metaphor for the backwardness of the country. But from 1953 onwards, with the discovery of oil, with the flows of funds from the Cassa del Mezzogiorno and the Region, a new narrative of Sicily established itself. Newsreels and INCOM documentaries in particular showed images of dams, new roads, factories, refineries, neighbourhoods under construction and new consumption. They told a story of success that made the island almost the symbol of the new democratic course, the emblem of the successes of a political class in power, and the region the legitimation of autonomous status and its accomplishments. A celebratory and upbeat story that had nothing to do with the writing of Sciascia, the reportage of Carlo Levi, the accusations of Danilo Dolci, or the same images which, at the end of the decade and then in subsequent years, some documentary makers like Vittorio de Seta or Giuseppe Ferrara would offer. It was the latter representation that ended up prevailing, but it was the first that better recounted a short and unique season in which the story of Sicilian autonomy appeared to coincide with the hopes, expectations, the imagination of a society in rapid and contradictory transformation.
La Sicilia del dopoguerra era protagonista di un processo di trasformazione sociale ed economica in grado di attribuire significato e legittimità all’Autonomia e alla classe politica regionale, ma anche ricco di contraddizioni. D’altra parte arretratezza e sviluppo continuavano a coesistere, spesso senza soluzione di continuità, alimentando narrazioni diverse della Sicilia. Da una parte il racconto di chi stava al governo della Regione, che celebrava i successi dell’Autonomia, le sue realizzazioni materiali e i miglioramenti delle condizioni di vita di una parte della popolazione. Dall’altra vi era la narrazione delle miserie e dell’arretratezza, che per le opposizioni comunista e socialista erano testimonianza del tradimento dell’Autonomia. Queste diverse rappresentazioni della Sicilia trovavano spazio nella letteratura, nel giornalismo e anche in una produzione documentarista che sin dal dopoguerra accendeva i riflettori sulla questione meridionale e sulla questione siciliana in particolare. A dire il vero fino all’inizio degli anni cinquanta prevaleva il racconto di una Sicilia immobile, folkloristica, ancorata a tradizioni e ad attività economiche antichissime. L’isola diveniva quasi una metafora dell’arretratezza del Paese. Ma dal 1953 in poi, con la scoperta del petrolio, con i flussi di denaro provenienti dalla Cassa del Mezzogiorno e dalla Regione si imponeva una nuova narrazione della Sicilia. Soprattutto nei cinegiornali e nei documentari Incom scorrevano le immagini delle dighe, delle nuove strade, delle fabbriche, delle raffinerie, dei quartieri in costruzione, dei nuovi consumi. Raccontavano una storia di successo che faceva dell’isola quasi il simbolo del nuovo corso democratico, l’emblema dei successi di una classe politica al governo nel Paese e alla Regione, la legittimazione dell’autonomia e delle sue realizzazioni. Un racconto celebrativo e ottimistico che nulla aveva a che vedere con la scrittura di Sciascia, coi reportage di Carlo Levi, con le denunce di Danilo Dolci, con le stesse immagini che alla fine del decennio, e poi negli anni successivi, alcuni documentaristi come Vittorio de Seta o Giuseppe Ferrara avrebbero offerto. Era quest’ultima la rappresentazione che finiva col prevalere, ma era la prima a raccontare meglio una stagione breve e irripetibile in cui il racconto dell’autonomia siciliana sembrava coincidere con le speranze, le aspettative, l’immaginario di una società in rapida e contraddittoria trasformazione.
“Sicilia in cammino”. Documentari, narrazioni e immagini di una società tra arretratezza e sviluppo (1953-1962)
MICCICHE', ANDREA
2017-01-01
Abstract
Post-war Sicily was at the centre of a process of social and economic transformation capable of attributing meaning and legitimacy to autonomous status and the regional political class, but also full of contradictions. Backwardness and development continued to co-exist, often seamlessly, feeding different narratives about Sicily. On the one hand, the narrative of those who govern the region, who celebrated the success of autonomous status, its material accomplishments and improvements in the living conditions of the population. On the other, the narrative of the misery and backwardness which, for the communist and socialist opposition, were witness to the betrayal of autonomous status. These different representations of Sicily appeared in the literature, in journalism and also in a documentary output that had focused the spotlight on the issue of southern Italy and the Sicilian question in particular ever since the end of the Second World War. Actually, until the beginning of the 1950s, the story prevailed of a Sicily that did not change, was folkloristic, anchored in traditions and ancient economic activities. The island became almost a metaphor for the backwardness of the country. But from 1953 onwards, with the discovery of oil, with the flows of funds from the Cassa del Mezzogiorno and the Region, a new narrative of Sicily established itself. Newsreels and INCOM documentaries in particular showed images of dams, new roads, factories, refineries, neighbourhoods under construction and new consumption. They told a story of success that made the island almost the symbol of the new democratic course, the emblem of the successes of a political class in power, and the region the legitimation of autonomous status and its accomplishments. A celebratory and upbeat story that had nothing to do with the writing of Sciascia, the reportage of Carlo Levi, the accusations of Danilo Dolci, or the same images which, at the end of the decade and then in subsequent years, some documentary makers like Vittorio de Seta or Giuseppe Ferrara would offer. It was the latter representation that ended up prevailing, but it was the first that better recounted a short and unique season in which the story of Sicilian autonomy appeared to coincide with the hopes, expectations, the imagination of a society in rapid and contradictory transformation.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.