Augusto Romagnoli, the most important theorist of the pedagogy of visual disabilities, is a thinker whose educational intuitions are still valid today, as is the epistemic structure of his model. Today school has the ambition of being a place of integration and an educating community, open to difference. In this perspective, revisiting Romagnoli’s theoretical contribution can help educators to redefine and fine-tune integration processes in a way that is respectful of the specific educational needs of challenged students, particularly those with visual disabilities. The biggest danger today is that of overlooking the peculiarities of individual deficits, and thus lapsing in a generic pedagogical approach based on the notion that the special needs of students with difficulties are somehow similar. As early as the beginning of the twentieth century, Augusto Romagnoli – who was close to the thought of Maria Montessori and of Activism – realized that while the educational objectives can be the same for non-disabled students and the blind, the methods and learning schedules must inevitably be different. His great merit was that he took account of the whole of the student’s personality, and not just of his or her shortcomings or limits; disability does not necessarily imply inability. Romagnoli argued that physical movement, the appreciation of beauty, orientation, play, and compensational action are fundamental strategies to allow blind children to develop all their residual potential, attain a clear awareness of their limits, and thus achieve integration. In other terms, differences should be neither emphasized nor underestimated. A blind child, if properly educated, can become an efficient citizen, on an equal standing with anybody else. Visual disability does not compromise the higher mental functions, socio-relational capabilities, or the affective and emotional sphere. Rather than speaking abstractly of “equality”, we should take inspiration from Augusto Romagnoli’s teaching and prefer to use the more advanced and comprehensive concept of “equal opportunity”. In sum, according to Romagnoli the time had come for a transition from compassion to science in approaching blindness.
Augusto Romagnoli, il più importante teorico di Pedagogia della minorazione visiva, è un pensatore attuale per le sue intuizioni in campo educativo e per l’impianto epistemico del suo modello. Oggi la scuola ambisce ad essere luogo per l’inclusione e comunità educante e aperta alle differenze, allora rivisitare il contributo teorico di Romagnoli può aiutare a ridefinire e a ricalibrare i percorsi di integrazione nel rispetto delle specificità e degli effettivi bisogni formativi di ogni allievo in difficoltà, soprattutto se con disabilità visiva. Infatti, il pericolo maggiore oggi è di non tenere adeguatamente conto delle peculiarità dei singoli deficit, cadendo in un genericismo pedagogico che considera i bisogni speciali in fondo un po’ simili per tutti i soggetti in situazione di difficoltà. Augusto Romagnoli, vicino al pensiero di Maria Montessori e all’Attivismo, già agli inizi del XX secolo comprende che mentre gli obiettivi educativi possono essere comuni sia per i normodotati che per i ciechi, invece le metodologie, le tecniche e i tempi di apprendimento sono inevitabilmente diversi. Il suo grande merito è stato quello di saper guardare alla globalità della persona e non soltanto alle sue carenze e ai suoi limiti, perché chi ha un deficit non è necessariamente deficitario. L’attenzione all’aspetto motorio, l’educazione al bello, all’orientamento e al gioco, e gli interventi compensativi vengono indicati da Romagnoli come strategie fondamentali per consentire al bambino cieco di sviluppare tutte le potenzialità residue, per strutturare una consapevolezza chiara dei propri limiti e per integrarsi. In altri termini, le differenze non vanno né enfatizzate, né sottovalutate. Infatti un bambino cieco, se ben educato, può diventare un cittadino efficiente e con pari dignità, perché la minorazione visiva non compromette le funzioni superiori del pensiero, né tanto meno le capacità socio-relazionali, né la dimensione affettivo-emotiva. Piuttosto che parlare di uguaglianza in astratto, sulla base dell’insegnamento di Augusto Romagnoli è bene allora fare riferimento al concetto più avanzato e più completo di pari opportunità. Infine, per Romagnoli, nell’approccio alla cecità era giunto il momento di passare dalla pietà alla scienza.
Il paradigma educativo di Augusto Romagnoli nel pensiero pedagogico del XXI secolo
Salmeri Stefano
2018-01-01
Abstract
Augusto Romagnoli, the most important theorist of the pedagogy of visual disabilities, is a thinker whose educational intuitions are still valid today, as is the epistemic structure of his model. Today school has the ambition of being a place of integration and an educating community, open to difference. In this perspective, revisiting Romagnoli’s theoretical contribution can help educators to redefine and fine-tune integration processes in a way that is respectful of the specific educational needs of challenged students, particularly those with visual disabilities. The biggest danger today is that of overlooking the peculiarities of individual deficits, and thus lapsing in a generic pedagogical approach based on the notion that the special needs of students with difficulties are somehow similar. As early as the beginning of the twentieth century, Augusto Romagnoli – who was close to the thought of Maria Montessori and of Activism – realized that while the educational objectives can be the same for non-disabled students and the blind, the methods and learning schedules must inevitably be different. His great merit was that he took account of the whole of the student’s personality, and not just of his or her shortcomings or limits; disability does not necessarily imply inability. Romagnoli argued that physical movement, the appreciation of beauty, orientation, play, and compensational action are fundamental strategies to allow blind children to develop all their residual potential, attain a clear awareness of their limits, and thus achieve integration. In other terms, differences should be neither emphasized nor underestimated. A blind child, if properly educated, can become an efficient citizen, on an equal standing with anybody else. Visual disability does not compromise the higher mental functions, socio-relational capabilities, or the affective and emotional sphere. Rather than speaking abstractly of “equality”, we should take inspiration from Augusto Romagnoli’s teaching and prefer to use the more advanced and comprehensive concept of “equal opportunity”. In sum, according to Romagnoli the time had come for a transition from compassion to science in approaching blindness.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.