High-flow nasal cannula oxygenation and tocilizumab administration in patients critically ill with COVID-19: A report of three cases and a literature review

Since late 2019, SARS-CoV2 has spread worldwide, leading the WHO to declare a pandemic state. Italy was deeply affected by the virus, particularly North Italy. Several molecules have been tested for the treatment of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), comparing the treatment efficacy and collateral effects. To date, no antiviral drugs have been approved for the treatment of the COVID-19 viral phase or for the inflammatory phase. Undoubtedly, oxygen support plays a key role in the management of patients affected by this virus. The present study reports the cases of 3 patients critically ill with COVID-19. Despite antiviral therapy, their clinical conditions deteriorated a few days following admis- sion, particularly as regards respiratory performance, together with chest X-ray findings and arterial blood gas parameters. The levels of inflammatory markers were also elevated. The patients were treated with high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygenation along with a double dose of tocilizumab. A few days following HFNC and tocilizumab administration, the respiratory rates and arterial blood gas data were ameliorated alongwithchestX-rayresults.TheuseofHFNCwasthenslowly reduced until it was terminated, with the patients achieving a successful discharge. On the whole, as presented herein, it is indisputable more data and guidelines for COVID-19 therapies are warranted in order to guide clinicians as to the appropriate clinical treatment which will guarantee an optimal therapeutic response.