Toward a process-based approach to addictive behaviors

Introduction: Conceptualization of addictive behaviors and their psychopathological precursors and maintenance factors differ across theoretical models. We argue that a process-based approach to addictive behaviors may serve to resolve theoretical debates, as it allows clinicians to offer tailored and effective interventions for both substance and behavioral addictions. The aim of a process-based approach to addictive disorders is to promote knowledge of the processes that brought the individual to develop the disorder, and specific interventions targeting such processes to resolve the disorder. Methods: We reviewed the findings of research using the Addictive Behavior Questionnaire (ABQ; Caretti et al., 2016, 2018), a measure for assessing different types of addictive disorders that is useful for planning process-based interventions, and other relevant findings on process-based research on addictive behaviors. Results: Research confirms that approaching addictive behaviors from a process-based perspective is critical for both the assessment and treatment of people suffering from addictive disorders. Examples concerning how a process-based approach may inform treatment planning and clinical interventions concerning addictive behaviors will be illustrated. Conclusions: An increasing need exists to develop tailored interventions targeting specific psychological processes that foster and maintain addictive behaviors in a given individual. Therefore, moving toward a process-based approach to addictive disorders may be critical to advance their understanding and treatment.