Effectiveness and safety profile of mepolizumab in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: Real life data in a tertiary care

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by a type 2 pattern of inflammation. Mepolizumab was approved for the treatment of CRSwNP in 2021, it may be useful to evaluate its safety profile in a real-world setting. Aim: This work aimed to prospectively highlight the effectiveness and safety profile of Mepolizumab in patients with CRSwNP enrolled in the Otorhinolaryngology Unit of the University Hospital of Messina. Methods: An observational cohort study was carried out considering all patients treated with Mepolizumab. A descriptive analysis was conducted reporting all demographic characteristics, endoscopic evaluations, and symptom conditions. Results: A total of 30 patients were treated with Mepolizumab, one patient discontinued the treatment. A statistically significant reduction in the Sino-Nasal Outcome Tests-22 (SNOT-22) and nasal polyp score (NPS) was shown at the 6th and 12th months compared to baseline values (SNOT-22, −33 and − 43, p < 0.001 for both comparisons; NPS, 0 and − 1, p < 0.001 for both comparisons). The median (Q1–Q3) sniffin' sticks test score increased from 7 (6–8) at the 6th month to 11 (10−13) at the 12th month. Seven patients (24.1 %) reported pain at the injection site, accompanied by redness, warmth, and tenderness within the first 24 h post-injection with a median duration of three days from the onset. Conclusions: Given the optimal treatment response and the minimal adverse effects observed, clinicians should consider Mepolizumab a safe and effective treatment in CRSwNP patients. Further studies in real-life setting are necessary to better understand the long-term effects.