Aortic root dilation in associated with the reduction in capillary density observed at nailfold capillaroscopy in SSc patients

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by endothelial dysfunction and fibroblasts activation. Microvascular disease may be easily observed by means of nailfold capillaroscopy. Recent evidences emphasized also the involvement of large-medium arteries in SSc, mainly in terms of increased stiffness of the vessel wall. The study aims to measure aortic root diameter in a cohort of SSc patients and to correlate echocardiographic findings with the capillaroscopic pictures. We analyzed the clinical records of 125 consecutive SSc patients (M/F 14/111, mean age 55 ± 12.7 years, median disease duration 11 years) referring in 3 second-level rheumatology centers. All subjects underwent to heart ultrasound evaluation and videocapillaroscopic evaluation. At capillaroscopy, the patients with early SSc pattern belonged to the subgroup 1, while those with the active/late patterns (characterized by the reduction of capillary density) belonged to the subgroup 2. We found aortic root dilation in 8 (6.4%) SSc patients, with a mean value of 37.8 ± 1.2 mm (range 37–40 mm). Aortic root dilation was observed in only one patient in the subgroup 1 (1/62, 1.6%) and in 7 cases of the subgroup 2 (7/63, 11.1%; p = 0.03). Our study found a significant association between aortic root dilation and impairment of capillary density at nailfold videocapillaroscopy in SSc patients. We hypothesize that SSc-related microangiopathy revealed by nailfold videocapillaroscopy could mimic that of aortic vasa vasorum, contributing to deteriorate the aortic wall structure and favoring aortic root dilation and stiffening.