500 Years after Curares Discovery: What has Changed, What has not?

Curares were first discovered in 1500’s by pioneering explorer which were perfectly aware of their use as poisons but completely unaware of their potential as medications; it was to wait until late 1800’s to know some more on them, and only in middle 1940’s some medical applications started, resulting in important evolution towards modern anesthetic techniques, including balanced anesthesia and opportunity for more complex surgical procedures. New molecules, meaning new problems, including Postoperative Residual Curarization (PORC), anesthesia awareness, difficult airway management and related clinical problems. Many advancements have been performed in the last 50 years, new molecules are available and new opportunities for powerful, fast and effective antagonism are available. Nevertheless, curares remain poisons, and their use could be considered safe only in experienced hands, not less than native americans Men of Medicine, and always taking account of situation, strategy and patients characteristics before counting on onset, offset and possibility for reversal. All points showing that in 500 years many things changed and many others they probably remained the same, because in the end, it is not the drug, but the man who gives it